![]() ![]() Nutrients Spinach, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Spinach is eaten both raw, in salads, and cooked in soups, curries, or casseroles. During World War I, wine fortified with spinach juice was given to injured French soldiers with the intent to curtail their bleeding. Spinach is mentioned in the first known English cookbook, the Forme of Cury (1390), where it is referred to as 'spinnedge' and 'spynoches'. Spinach first appeared in England and France in the 14th century, probably via Spain, and gained common use because it appeared in early spring when fresh local vegetables were not available. Spinach was also the subject of a special treatise in the 11th century by Ibn Ḥajjāj. Spinach became a popular vegetable in the Arab Mediterranean and arrived in Spain by the latter part of the 12th century, where Ibn al-ʻAwwām called it raʼīs al-buqūl, 'the chieftain of leafy greens'. The first written evidence of spinach in the Mediterranean was recorded in three 10th-century works: a medical work by al-Rāzī (known as Rhazes in the West) and in two agricultural treatises, one by Ibn Waḥshīyah and the other by Qusṭus al-Rūmī. In AD 827, the Saracens introduced spinach to Sicily. Spinach is thought to have originated about 2,000 years ago in ancient Persia from which it was introduced to India and later to ancient China via Nepal in 647 AD as the "Persian vegetable". Spiky seeds of the 'Erste Ernte' cultivar Therefore, the pollen evolved to be very small and light so it can be transported to large distances, often miles away. Pollination occurs via wind anemophily, because the flowers are small and green and thus they are unattractive to pollinators. Description Īs opposed to the great majority of the flowering plants or plants used as vegetables, spinach is a dioicous plant, meaning different plants can have either female or male flowers. Within the family Amaranthaceae sensu lato, Spinach belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae. oleracea) was long considered to be in the family Chenopodiaceae, but in 2003 that family was merged into the Amaranthaceae in the order Caryophyllales. The English word "spinach" dates to the late 14th century from OF espinache. Originally from Persian the word aspānāḵ entered European languages from Latin, which borrowed it from Arabic. In 2021, world production of spinach was 32 million tonnes, with China alone accounting for 92% of the total. The flowers are inconspicuous, yellow-green, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) in diameter, and mature into a small, hard, dry, lumpy fruit cluster 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) across containing several seeds. The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to triangular, and very variable in size: 2–30 cm (1–12 in) long and 1–15 cm (0.4–5.9 in) broad, with larger leaves at the base of the plant and small leaves higher on the flowering stem. Spinach may overwinter in temperate regions. It is an annual plant (rarely biennial), growing as tall as 30 cm (1 ft). It may be eaten cooked or raw, and the taste differs considerably the high oxalate content may be reduced by steaming. ![]() Its leaves are a common edible vegetable consumed either fresh, or after storage using preservation techniques by canning, freezing, or dehydration. It is of the order Caryophyllales, family Amaranthaceae, subfamily Chenopodioideae. ![]() Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) is a leafy green flowering plant native to central and Western Asia. ![]()
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